fix(voice): harden connection and playback lifecycle

src/audio-manager.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
     createAudioResource,
     entersState,
     joinVoiceChannel,
+    AudioPlayerStatus,
     NoSubscriberBehavior,
     StreamType,
     VoiceConnectionStatus,
@@ -21,14 +22,30 @@ import type {
 } from './types';
 
 const DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 20_000;
-const DEFAULT_RENEW_INTERVAL_MS = 5_400_000;
+const DISCONNECT_RECOVERY_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+const MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS = 2_147_483_647;
 
-export default class AudioManager {
+function assertValidTimerDelay(value: number, optionName: string): void {
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(value) || value <= 0 || value > MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS) {
+        throw new AudioManagerConfigError(
+            `${optionName} must be an integer between 1 and ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS} milliseconds.`,
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+function assertValidVolumePercent(value: number): void {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(value) || value < 0 || value > 100) {
+        throw new AudioManagerConfigError('Volume must be between 0 and 100 percent.');
+    }
+}
+
+export default class AudioManager implements Disposable {
     private readonly audioPlayer: AudioPlayer;
 
     private connection: VoiceConnection | undefined;
     private resource: AudioResource | undefined;
     private ffmpeg: FfmpegProcessHandle | undefined;
+    private connectAttempt: AbortController | undefined;
     private renewTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined;
     private playbackState: PlaybackState = 'idle';
     private connectionOptions: VoiceConnectionOptions | undefined;
@@ -37,9 +54,23 @@ export default class AudioManager {
         Omit<AudioManagerOptions, 'connectTimeoutMs'>;
 
     public constructor(options: AudioManagerOptions = {}) {
+        const connectTimeoutMs = options.connectTimeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS;
+        assertValidTimerDelay(connectTimeoutMs, 'connectTimeoutMs');
+
+        if (typeof options.renewIntervalMs === 'number') {
+            assertValidTimerDelay(options.renewIntervalMs, 'renewIntervalMs');
+        }
+
+        if (options.volume?.initialPercent !== undefined) {
+            if (options.volume.enabled !== true) {
+                throw new AudioManagerConfigError('volume.initialPercent requires volume.enabled to be true.');
+            }
+            assertValidVolumePercent(options.volume.initialPercent);
+        }
+
         this.options = {
             ...options,
-            connectTimeoutMs: options.connectTimeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS,
+            connectTimeoutMs,
         };
         this.connectionOptions = options.connection;
         this.audioSource = options.source;
@@ -48,6 +79,15 @@ export default class AudioManager {
                 noSubscriber: NoSubscriberBehavior.Play,
             },
         });
+        this.audioPlayer.on('error', (error) => {
+            this.finishPlayback(error.resource);
+            this.reportError(error);
+        });
+        this.audioPlayer.on(AudioPlayerStatus.Idle, (oldState) => {
+            if ('resource' in oldState) {
+                this.finishPlayback(oldState.resource);
+            }
+        });
     }
 
     public get state(): PlaybackState {
@@ -59,7 +99,7 @@ export default class AudioManager {
     }
 
     public get isConnected(): boolean {
-        return Boolean(this.connection);
+        return this.connection?.state.status === VoiceConnectionStatus.Ready;
     }
 
     public setConnection(options: VoiceConnectionOptions): void {
@@ -79,30 +119,55 @@ export default class AudioManager {
             throw new AudioManagerConfigError('Voice connection options are required before connecting.');
         }
 
+        this.cancelConnectAttempt();
+        const attempt = new AbortController();
+        this.connectAttempt = attempt;
         this.clearRenewTimer();
         this.playbackState = 'connecting';
-        this.connection?.destroy();
+
-        const connection = joinVoiceChannel({
+        const previousConnection = this.connection;
+        this.connection = undefined;
+        let connection: VoiceConnection | undefined;
+
+        try {
+            previousConnection?.destroy();
+            connection = joinVoiceChannel({
                 guildId: this.connectionOptions.guildId,
                 channelId: this.connectionOptions.channelId,
                 adapterCreator: this.connectionOptions.adapterCreator,
             });
             this.connection = connection;
+            this.observeConnection(connection);
             connection.subscribe(this.audioPlayer);
 
-        try {
+            await entersState(
-            await entersState(connection, VoiceConnectionStatus.Ready, this.options.connectTimeoutMs);
+                connection,
+                VoiceConnectionStatus.Ready,
+                AbortSignal.any([attempt.signal, AbortSignal.timeout(this.options.connectTimeoutMs)]),
+            );
         } catch (error) {
+            if (this.connectAttempt !== attempt) {
+                throw new AudioManagerStateError('Voice connection was stopped before it became ready.', {
+                    cause: error,
+                });
+            }
+
+            this.connectAttempt = undefined;
+            if (connection && connection.state.status !== VoiceConnectionStatus.Destroyed) {
                 connection.destroy();
+            }
             if (this.connection === connection) {
                 this.connection = undefined;
             }
             this.playbackState = 'stopped';
             throw error;
         }
-        if (this.connection !== connection) {
+
+        if (this.connectAttempt !== attempt || this.connection !== connection) {
             throw new AudioManagerStateError('Voice connection was stopped before it became ready.');
         }
+
+        this.connectAttempt = undefined;
         this.playbackState = 'ready';
         this.scheduleRenewal();
     }
@@ -114,7 +179,7 @@ export default class AudioManager {
             this.setSource(source);
         }
 
-        if (!this.connection) {
+        if (!this.isConnected) {
             throw new AudioManagerStateError('A voice connection is required before audio can be played.');
         }
 
@@ -132,17 +197,22 @@ export default class AudioManager {
                 inlineVolume: this.options.volume?.enabled === true,
             });
         } catch (error) {
-            if (this.ffmpeg === ffmpeg) {
+            if (this.ffmpeg !== ffmpeg) {
-                this.stopCurrentPlayback();
+                throw error instanceof AudioManagerStateError
+                    ? error
+                    : new AudioManagerStateError('Playback was stopped before ffmpeg became ready.', {
+                          cause: error,
+                      });
             }
+
+            this.stopCurrentPlayback();
             throw error;
         }
 
+        try {
             if (this.options.volume?.enabled === true && this.options.volume.initialPercent !== undefined) {
                 this.setVolume(this.options.volume.initialPercent);
             }
-
-        try {
             this.audioPlayer.play(this.resource);
             this.playbackState = 'playing';
         } catch (error) {
@@ -184,6 +254,7 @@ export default class AudioManager {
             return;
         }
 
+        this.cancelConnectAttempt();
         this.clearRenewTimer();
         this.stopCurrentPlayback();
         this.audioPlayer.stop(true);
@@ -200,9 +271,7 @@ export default class AudioManager {
             throw new AudioManagerStateError('Volume control requires volume.enabled to be true.');
         }
 
-        if (!Number.isFinite(volumeInPercent) || volumeInPercent < 0 || volumeInPercent > 100) {
+        assertValidVolumePercent(volumeInPercent);
-            throw new AudioManagerConfigError('Volume must be between 0 and 100 percent.');
-        }
 
         if (!this.resource?.volume) {
             throw new AudioManagerStateError('No audio resource with volume control is currently active.');
@@ -216,6 +285,7 @@ export default class AudioManager {
             return;
         }
 
+        this.cancelConnectAttempt();
         this.clearRenewTimer();
         this.stopCurrentPlayback();
         this.audioPlayer.stop(true);
@@ -226,6 +296,10 @@ export default class AudioManager {
         this.playbackState = 'disposed';
     }
 
+    public [Symbol.dispose](): void {
+        this.dispose();
+    }
+
     private resolveSource(): ResolvedAudioSource {
         if (!this.audioSource) {
             throw new AudioManagerConfigError('Audio source is required before playback can start.');
@@ -238,7 +312,7 @@ export default class AudioManager {
                     source: this.audioSource,
                 };
             } catch (error) {
-                throw new AudioManagerConfigError(`Invalid audio source URL. Cause: ${String(error)}`);
+                throw new AudioManagerConfigError('Invalid audio source URL.', { cause: error });
             }
         }
 
@@ -251,14 +325,18 @@ export default class AudioManager {
     }
 
     private scheduleRenewal(): void {
-        const renewIntervalMs = this.options.renewIntervalMs ?? DEFAULT_RENEW_INTERVAL_MS;
+        const renewIntervalMs = this.options.renewIntervalMs;
 
-        if (renewIntervalMs === false) {
+        if (renewIntervalMs === undefined || renewIntervalMs === false) {
             return;
         }
 
         this.renewTimer = setTimeout(() => {
-            void this.start().catch(() => {
+            void this.start().catch((error: unknown) => {
+                if (this.playbackState === 'disposed') {
+                    return;
+                }
+
                 this.clearRenewTimer();
                 this.stopCurrentPlayback();
                 this.audioPlayer.stop(true);
@@ -266,6 +344,7 @@ export default class AudioManager {
                 this.connection?.destroy();
                 this.connection = undefined;
                 this.playbackState = 'stopped';
+                this.reportError(error);
             });
         }, renewIntervalMs);
 
@@ -274,6 +353,51 @@ export default class AudioManager {
         }
     }
 
+    private observeConnection(connection: VoiceConnection): void {
+        connection.on('error', (error) => {
+            this.reportError(error);
+        });
+        connection.on(VoiceConnectionStatus.Disconnected, () => this.handleDisconnectedConnection(connection));
+    }
+
+    private async handleDisconnectedConnection(connection: VoiceConnection): Promise<void> {
+        try {
+            await Promise.race([
+                entersState(connection, VoiceConnectionStatus.Signalling, DISCONNECT_RECOVERY_TIMEOUT_MS),
+                entersState(connection, VoiceConnectionStatus.Connecting, DISCONNECT_RECOVERY_TIMEOUT_MS),
+            ]);
+        } catch (error) {
+            if (this.connection !== connection) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            this.clearRenewTimer();
+            this.stopCurrentPlayback();
+            this.audioPlayer.stop(true);
+            this.connection = undefined;
+            if (connection.state.status !== VoiceConnectionStatus.Destroyed) {
+                connection.destroy();
+            }
+            this.playbackState = 'stopped';
+            this.reportError(error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private finishPlayback(resource: AudioResource): void {
+        if (this.resource !== resource) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.stopCurrentPlayback();
+        if (this.playbackState !== 'disposed') {
+            this.playbackState = this.isConnected ? 'ready' : 'stopped';
+        }
+    }
+
+    private reportError(error: unknown): void {
+        this.options.onError?.(error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)));
+    }
+
     private clearRenewTimer(): void {
         if (this.renewTimer) {
             clearTimeout(this.renewTimer);
@@ -281,6 +405,11 @@ export default class AudioManager {
         }
     }
 
+    private cancelConnectAttempt(): void {
+        this.connectAttempt?.abort();
+        this.connectAttempt = undefined;
+    }
+
     private stopCurrentPlayback(): void {
         this.resource?.playStream.destroy();
         this.resource = undefined;

src/types.ts

@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ export type AudioManagerOptions = {
     /**
      * Milliseconds after which the manager reconnects and restarts playback.
      *
-     * Set to `false` to disable renewal.
+     * Renewal is disabled unless an interval is provided.
      *
-     * @defaultValue `5_400_000`
+     * @defaultValue `false`
      */
     renewIntervalMs?: number | false;
 
@@ -156,6 +156,11 @@ export type AudioManagerOptions = {
      */
     connectTimeoutMs?: number;
 
+    /**
+     * Receives asynchronous audio player and voice connection errors.
+     */
+    onError?: (error: Error) => void;
+
     /**
      * Optional inline volume configuration.
      */

tests/audio-manager.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 import { jest, describe, beforeEach, afterEach, it, expect } from '@jest/globals';
-import { createAudioResource, entersState, joinVoiceChannel } from '@discordjs/voice';
+import {
+    AudioPlayerStatus,
+    createAudioPlayer,
+    createAudioResource,
+    entersState,
+    joinVoiceChannel,
+    VoiceConnectionStatus,
+} from '@discordjs/voice';
 import { resolve } from 'node:path';
 import { PassThrough } from 'node:stream';
 
@@ -10,18 +17,37 @@ import type { FfmpegProcessHandle } from '../src/ffmpeg';
 import type { AudioSource, VoiceConnectionOptions } from '../src';
 import type { VoiceConnection } from '@discordjs/voice';
 
+type MockListener = (...args: unknown[]) => unknown;
+
+const audioPlayerListeners = new Map<string, MockListener>();
+const connectionListeners = new Map<string, MockListener>();
+const secondConnectionListeners = new Map<string, MockListener>();
 const mockAudioPlayer = {
+    on: jest.fn((event: string, listener: MockListener) => {
+        audioPlayerListeners.set(event, listener);
+        return mockAudioPlayer;
+    }),
     play: jest.fn(),
     pause: jest.fn(),
     unpause: jest.fn(),
     stop: jest.fn(),
 };
 const mockConnection = {
+    state: { status: 'ready' },
+    on: jest.fn((event: string, listener: MockListener) => {
+        connectionListeners.set(event, listener);
+        return mockConnection;
+    }),
     subscribe: jest.fn(),
     disconnect: jest.fn(),
     destroy: jest.fn(),
 };
 const mockSecondConnection = {
+    state: { status: 'ready' },
+    on: jest.fn((event: string, listener: MockListener) => {
+        secondConnectionListeners.set(event, listener);
+        return mockSecondConnection;
+    }),
     subscribe: jest.fn(),
     disconnect: jest.fn(),
     destroy: jest.fn(),
@@ -45,6 +71,9 @@ const mockFfmpegHandle: FfmpegProcessHandle = {
 };
 
 jest.mock('@discordjs/voice', () => ({
+    AudioPlayerStatus: {
+        Idle: 'idle',
+    },
     NoSubscriberBehavior: {
         Play: 'play',
     },
@@ -52,7 +81,11 @@ jest.mock('@discordjs/voice', () => ({
         Raw: 'raw',
     },
     VoiceConnectionStatus: {
+        Connecting: 'connecting',
+        Destroyed: 'destroyed',
+        Disconnected: 'disconnected',
         Ready: 'ready',
+        Signalling: 'signalling',
     },
     createAudioPlayer: jest.fn(() => mockAudioPlayer),
     createAudioResource: jest.fn(() => mockAudioResource),
@@ -79,15 +112,6 @@ const fileSourcePath = 'tests/audio.mp3';
 const resolvedFileSourcePath = resolve(process.cwd(), fileSourcePath);
 type MockedEntersStateReturn = ReturnType<typeof entersState>;
 
-function deferred<T>(): { promise: Promise<T>; resolve: (value: T) => void } {
-    let resolve!: (value: T) => void;
-    const promise = new Promise<T>((promiseResolve) => {
-        resolve = promiseResolve;
-    });
-
-    return { promise, resolve };
-}
-
 function createMockFfmpegHandle(): FfmpegProcessHandle {
     return {
         process: {
@@ -98,9 +122,24 @@ function createMockFfmpegHandle(): FfmpegProcessHandle {
     };
 }
 
+function listenerFor(listeners: Map<string, MockListener>, event: string): MockListener {
+    const listener = listeners.get(event);
+
+    if (!listener) {
+        throw new Error(`No listener registered for ${event}.`);
+    }
+
+    return listener;
+}
+
 describe('AudioManager', () => {
     beforeEach(() => {
         jest.clearAllMocks();
+        audioPlayerListeners.clear();
+        connectionListeners.clear();
+        secondConnectionListeners.clear();
+        mockConnection.state.status = VoiceConnectionStatus.Ready;
+        mockSecondConnection.state.status = VoiceConnectionStatus.Ready;
     });
 
     afterEach(() => {
@@ -130,6 +169,72 @@ describe('AudioManager', () => {
         expect(mockAudioPlayer.play).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockAudioResource);
     });
 
+    it('does not schedule connection renewal by default', async () => {
+        jest.useFakeTimers();
+        const manager = new AudioManager({ connection: connectionOptions });
+
+        await manager.connect();
+
+        expect(jest.getTimerCount()).toBe(0);
+        manager.dispose();
+    });
+
+    it('reports voice connection errors without interrupting playback', async () => {
+        const connectionError = new Error('voice connection failed');
+        const onError = jest.fn();
+        const manager = new AudioManager({
+            connection: connectionOptions,
+            source: liveStreamSource,
+            renewIntervalMs: false,
+            onError,
+        });
+        await manager.start();
+
+        listenerFor(connectionListeners, 'error')(connectionError);
+
+        expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(connectionError);
+        expect(manager.state).toBe('playing');
+    });
+
+    it('keeps playback while a disconnected voice connection recovers', async () => {
+        const manager = new AudioManager({
+            connection: connectionOptions,
+            source: liveStreamSource,
+            renewIntervalMs: false,
+        });
+        await manager.start();
+
+        await listenerFor(connectionListeners, VoiceConnectionStatus.Disconnected)();
+
+        expect(entersState).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockVoiceConnection, VoiceConnectionStatus.Signalling, 5_000);
+        expect(entersState).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockVoiceConnection, VoiceConnectionStatus.Connecting, 5_000);
+        expect(mockConnection.destroy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(manager.state).toBe('playing');
+    });
+
+    it('stops playback after an unrecoverable voice disconnect', async () => {
+        const disconnectError = new Error('voice connection did not recover');
+        const onError = jest.fn();
+        const manager = new AudioManager({
+            connection: connectionOptions,
+            source: liveStreamSource,
+            renewIntervalMs: false,
+            onError,
+        });
+        await manager.start();
+        jest.mocked(entersState).mockRejectedValueOnce(disconnectError).mockRejectedValueOnce(disconnectError);
+        mockConnection.state.status = VoiceConnectionStatus.Disconnected;
+
+        await listenerFor(connectionListeners, VoiceConnectionStatus.Disconnected)();
+
+        expect(mockFfmpegHandle.stop).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(mockAudioPlayer.stop).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
+        expect(mockConnection.destroy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(disconnectError);
+        expect(manager.state).toBe('stopped');
+        expect(manager.isConnected).toBe(false);
+    });
+
     it('cleans up when connection startup fails', async () => {
         jest.useFakeTimers();
 
@@ -148,9 +253,22 @@ describe('AudioManager', () => {
         expect(jest.getTimerCount()).toBe(0);
     });
 
+    it('restores the stopped state when voice setup throws synchronously', async () => {
+        const connectionError = new Error('voice setup failed');
+        jest.mocked(joinVoiceChannel).mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+            throw connectionError;
+        });
+        const manager = new AudioManager({ connection: connectionOptions, renewIntervalMs: false });
+
+        await expect(manager.connect()).rejects.toBe(connectionError);
+
+        expect(manager.state).toBe('stopped');
+        expect(manager.isConnected).toBe(false);
+    });
+
     it('does not become ready when stopped during connection startup', async () => {
         jest.useFakeTimers();
-        const ready = deferred<VoiceConnection>();
+        const ready = Promise.withResolvers<VoiceConnection>();
         jest.mocked(entersState).mockReturnValueOnce(ready.promise as unknown as MockedEntersStateReturn);
         const manager = new AudioManager({
             connection: connectionOptions,
@@ -168,9 +286,9 @@ describe('AudioManager', () => {
         expect(jest.getTimerCount()).toBe(0);
     });
 
-    it('keeps the latest connection when concurrent connects resolve out of order', async () => {
+    it('keeps the latest connection when a stale connection attempt rejects', async () => {
-        const firstReady = deferred<VoiceConnection>();
+        const firstReady = Promise.withResolvers<VoiceConnection>();
-        const secondReady = deferred<VoiceConnection>();
+        const secondReady = Promise.withResolvers<VoiceConnection>();
         jest.mocked(joinVoiceChannel)
             .mockReturnValueOnce(mockVoiceConnection)
             .mockReturnValueOnce(mockSecondVoiceConnection);
@@ -184,7 +302,7 @@ describe('AudioManager', () => {
 
         const firstConnect = manager.connect();
         const secondConnect = manager.connect();
-        firstReady.resolve(mockVoiceConnection);
+        firstReady.reject(new Error('stale connection failed'));
         secondReady.resolve(mockSecondVoiceConnection);
 
         await expect(firstConnect).rejects.toThrow(AudioManagerStateError);
@@ -197,7 +315,7 @@ describe('AudioManager', () => {
     });
 
     it('does not become ready when disposed during connection startup', async () => {
-        const ready = deferred<VoiceConnection>();
+        const ready = Promise.withResolvers<VoiceConnection>();
         jest.mocked(entersState).mockReturnValueOnce(ready.promise as unknown as MockedEntersStateReturn);
         const manager = new AudioManager({
             connection: connectionOptions,
@@ -206,7 +324,7 @@ describe('AudioManager', () => {
 
         const connectPromise = manager.connect();
         manager.dispose();
-        ready.resolve(mockVoiceConnection);
+        ready.reject(new Error('disposed connection failed'));
 
         await expect(connectPromise).rejects.toThrow(AudioManagerStateError);
 
@@ -318,8 +436,44 @@ describe('AudioManager', () => {
         expect(mockAudioResource.playStream.destroy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     });
 
+    it('cleans up and reports asynchronous audio player errors', async () => {
+        const playerError = Object.assign(new Error('audio stream failed'), { resource: mockAudioResource });
+        const onError = jest.fn();
+        const manager = new AudioManager({
+            connection: connectionOptions,
+            source: liveStreamSource,
+            renewIntervalMs: false,
+            onError,
+        });
+        await manager.start();
+
+        listenerFor(audioPlayerListeners, 'error')(playerError);
+
+        expect(mockFfmpegHandle.stop).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(mockAudioResource.playStream.destroy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(playerError);
+        expect(manager.state).toBe('ready');
+        expect(manager.isPlaying).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('returns to ready when the current audio resource becomes idle', async () => {
+        const manager = new AudioManager({
+            connection: connectionOptions,
+            source: liveStreamSource,
+            renewIntervalMs: false,
+        });
+        await manager.start();
+
+        listenerFor(audioPlayerListeners, AudioPlayerStatus.Idle)({ resource: mockAudioResource });
+
+        expect(mockFfmpegHandle.stop).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(mockAudioResource.playStream.destroy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(manager.state).toBe('ready');
+        expect(manager.isPlaying).toBe(false);
+    });
+
     it('does not report playback when stopped before ffmpeg is ready', async () => {
-        const ready = deferred<void>();
+        const ready = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
         jest.mocked(startFfmpeg).mockReturnValueOnce({
             ...mockFfmpegHandle,
             ready: ready.promise,
@@ -342,7 +496,7 @@ describe('AudioManager', () => {
     });
 
     it('does not report playback when disposed before ffmpeg is ready', async () => {
-        const ready = deferred<void>();
+        const ready = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
         jest.mocked(startFfmpeg).mockReturnValueOnce({
             ...mockFfmpegHandle,
             ready: ready.promise,
@@ -365,7 +519,7 @@ describe('AudioManager', () => {
     });
 
     it('keeps only the latest concurrent playback', async () => {
-        const firstReady = deferred<void>();
+        const firstReady = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
         const firstHandle = {
             ...createMockFfmpegHandle(),
             ready: firstReady.promise,
@@ -461,6 +615,36 @@ describe('AudioManager', () => {
         expect(mockAudioResource.volume.setVolume).toHaveBeenCalledWith(0.35);
     });
 
+    it('rejects invalid initial volume before allocating audio resources', () => {
+        expect(
+            () =>
+                new AudioManager({
+                    volume: {
+                        enabled: true,
+                        initialPercent: 101,
+                    },
+                }),
+        ).toThrow(AudioManagerConfigError);
+        expect(
+            () =>
+                new AudioManager({
+                    volume: {
+                        enabled: false,
+                        initialPercent: 50,
+                    },
+                }),
+        ).toThrow(AudioManagerConfigError);
+
+        expect(createAudioPlayer).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(createAudioResource).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(startFfmpeg).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('rejects timer delays that Node.js cannot schedule safely', () => {
+        expect(() => new AudioManager({ connectTimeoutMs: 0 })).toThrow(AudioManagerConfigError);
+        expect(() => new AudioManager({ renewIntervalMs: 2_147_483_648 })).toThrow(AudioManagerConfigError);
+    });
+
     it('rejects volume changes when inline volume is disabled', () => {
         const manager = new AudioManager({ renewIntervalMs: false });
 
@@ -617,6 +801,15 @@ describe('AudioManager', () => {
         expect(() => manager.setConnection(connectionOptions)).toThrow(AudioManagerStateError);
     });
 
+    it('supports explicit resource management', () => {
+        const manager = (() => {
+            using disposableManager = new AudioManager({ renewIntervalMs: false });
+            return disposableManager;
+        })();
+
+        expect(manager.state).toBe('disposed');
+    });
+
     it('prevents use after disposal', async () => {
         const manager = new AudioManager({
             connection: connectionOptions,