test: migrate from Karma and Jasmine to Vitest

Karma is deprecated and depends on braces, which has no patched release for GHSA-vfj7-8cjw-p6xm. Tests now run through the @angular/build unit-test builder with Vitest and jsdom. fakeAsync is replaced by Vitest fake timers, and zone.js is dropped because the zoneless app only loaded it for the Karma test polyfills.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

angular.json

@@ -126,27 +126,11 @@
           "builder": "@angular/build:extract-i18n"
         },
         "test": {
-          "builder": "@angular/build:karma",
+          "builder": "@angular/build:unit-test",
           "options": {
-            "watch": false,
+            "buildTarget": "::development",
-            "browsers": "ChromeHeadless",
-            "polyfills": ["zone.js", "zone.js/testing"],
             "tsConfig": "tsconfig.spec.json",
-            "inlineStyleLanguage": "scss",
+            "watch": false
-            "assets": [
-              {
-                "glob": "**/*",
-                "input": "src/assets/optimized",
-                "output": "assets/optimized"
-              },
-              {
-                "glob": "**/*",
-                "input": "public",
-                "output": "public"
-              }
-            ],
-            "styles": ["src/styles.scss"],
-            "scripts": []
           }
         }
       }

package.json

@@ -70,15 +70,13 @@
     "express": "^5.2.1",
     "markdown-it": "^15.0.2",
     "rxjs": "~7.8.0",
-    "tslib": "^2.3.0",
+    "tslib": "^2.3.0"
-    "zone.js": "~0.16.2"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@angular/build": "^22.2.1",
     "@angular/cli": "^22.2.1",
     "@angular/compiler-cli": "^22.2.1",
     "@types/express": "^5.0.6",
-    "@types/jasmine": "~6.0.0",
     "@types/node": "^25.7.0",
     "@types/showdown": "^2.0.6",
     "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "8.71.1",
@@ -92,17 +90,13 @@
     "eslint-plugin-promise": "7.3.0",
     "eslint-plugin-unused-imports": "4.4.1",
     "husky": "^9.1.7",
-    "jasmine-core": "~6.2.0",
+    "jsdom": "^30.1.2",
-    "karma": "~6.4.0",
-    "karma-chrome-launcher": "~3.2.0",
-    "karma-coverage": "~2.2.0",
-    "karma-jasmine": "~5.1.0",
-    "karma-jasmine-html-reporter": "^2.3.0",
     "postcss": "^8.5.29",
     "postcss-selector-parser": "^7.1.1",
     "prettier": "^3.8.1",
     "sharp": "^0.35.5",
     "typescript": "~6.0.3",
-    "typescript-eslint": "8.71.1"
+    "typescript-eslint": "8.71.1",
+    "vitest": "^5.0.3"
   }
 }

src/app/app.component.spec.ts

@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ describe('AppComponent', (): void => {
   });
 
   it('should preselect English by default', (): void => {
-    const comp = component as unknown as { selectedLanguage(): string };
+    const comp = component as unknown as {
+      selectedLanguage(): string;
+    };
     expect(comp.selectedLanguage()).toBe('en');
   });
 
@@ -57,8 +59,8 @@ describe('AppComponent', (): void => {
     fixture.detectChanges();
 
     expect(comp.currentLanguageCode()).toBe('de');
-    expect(comp.isLanguageConfirmed()).toBeTrue();
+    expect(comp.isLanguageConfirmed()).toBe(true);
-    expect(comp.isLanguageSelectorOpen()).toBeFalse();
+    expect(comp.isLanguageSelectorOpen()).toBe(false);
     expect(localStorage.getItem('portfolio-language')).toBe('de');
   });
 
@@ -74,8 +76,8 @@ describe('AppComponent', (): void => {
     };
 
     expect(restoredComponent.currentLanguageCode()).toBe('de');
-    expect(restoredComponent.isLanguageConfirmed()).toBeTrue();
+    expect(restoredComponent.isLanguageConfirmed()).toBe(true);
-    expect(restoredComponent.isLanguageSelectorOpen()).toBeFalse();
+    expect(restoredComponent.isLanguageSelectorOpen()).toBe(false);
   });
 
   it('should reopen the selector after confirmation', (): void => {
@@ -89,6 +91,6 @@ describe('AppComponent', (): void => {
     comp.reopenLanguageSelector();
     fixture.detectChanges();
 
-    expect(comp.isLanguageSelectorOpen()).toBeTrue();
+    expect(comp.isLanguageSelectorOpen()).toBe(true);
   });
 });

src/app/home/home.component.spec.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+import type { Mock } from 'vitest';
 import type { ComponentFixture } from '@angular/core/testing';
-import { TestBed, fakeAsync, tick, discardPeriodicTasks } from '@angular/core/testing';
+import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { provideRouter } from '@angular/router';
 import { IMAGE_LOADER } from '@angular/common';
 import type { ImageLoaderConfig } from '@angular/common';
@@ -14,6 +15,28 @@ import type {
 } from '../../languages/language.types';
 
 describe('HomeComponent', (): void => {
+  beforeEach((): void => {
+    // performance stays real so the change detection timing tests keep measuring.
+    vi.useFakeTimers({
+      toFake: [
+        'setTimeout',
+        'clearTimeout',
+        'setInterval',
+        'clearInterval',
+        'requestAnimationFrame',
+        'cancelAnimationFrame',
+      ],
+    });
+    // jsdom does not implement matchMedia.
+    vi.stubGlobal('matchMedia', (): MediaQueryList => ({ matches: false }) as MediaQueryList);
+  });
+
+  afterEach((): void => {
+    vi.restoreAllMocks();
+    vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
   let fixture: ComponentFixture<HomeComponent>;
   let component: HomeComponent;
 
@@ -63,8 +86,7 @@ describe('HomeComponent', (): void => {
 
   afterEach((): void => {
     // Explicitly destroy to stop the interval(1000) subscription started in ngOnInit.
-    // Without this, the real setInterval keeps the browser's event loop alive after
+    // Without this, the interval keeps firing after the test has finished.
-    // the test suite completes, causing Karma to disconnect with a 30 s timeout.
     fixture.destroy();
   });
 
@@ -151,7 +173,7 @@ describe('HomeComponent', (): void => {
     it('should set isPortraitSwitching to true immediately', (): void => {
       comp.isPortraitSwitching = false;
       comp.showNextPortraitHighlight();
-      expect(comp.isPortraitSwitching).toBeTrue();
+      expect(comp.isPortraitSwitching).toBe(true);
     });
 
     it('should not advance index when already switching', (): void => {
@@ -161,129 +183,124 @@ describe('HomeComponent', (): void => {
     });
 
     it('should not call setTimeout when only one portrait exists', (): void => {
-      const highlights = (comp as unknown as { portraitHighlights: LanguagePortraitHighlight[] })
+      const highlights = (
-        .portraitHighlights;
+        comp as unknown as {
+          portraitHighlights: LanguagePortraitHighlight[];
+        }
+      ).portraitHighlights;
       const saved = [...highlights]; // snapshot before mutation
       highlights.splice(1, saved.length - 1); // reduce to a single entry
 
-      const setSpy = spyOn(window, 'setTimeout');
+      const setSpy = vi.spyOn(window, 'setTimeout');
       comp.showNextPortraitHighlight();
       expect(setSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
 
       highlights.splice(0, highlights.length, ...saved); // restore from snapshot
     });
 
-    it('should advance the portrait index after 125 ms', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should advance the portrait index after 125 ms', async (): Promise<void> => {
       const zone = TestBed.inject(NgZone);
       zone.runOutsideAngular((): void => {
         comp.showNextPortraitHighlight();
       });
-      tick(125);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(125);
       expect(comp.currentPortraitHighlightIndex).toBe(1);
-      tick(125);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(125);
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
 
-    it('should reset isPortraitSwitching to false after 250 ms', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should reset isPortraitSwitching to false after 250 ms', async (): Promise<void> => {
       const zone = TestBed.inject(NgZone);
       zone.runOutsideAngular((): void => {
         comp.showNextPortraitHighlight();
       });
-      tick(250);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(250);
-      expect(comp.isPortraitSwitching).toBeFalse();
+      expect(comp.isPortraitSwitching).toBe(false);
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
 
-    it('should wrap portrait index from the last position back to 0', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should wrap portrait index from the last position back to 0', async (): Promise<void> => {
       comp.currentPortraitHighlightIndex = enLanguage.portraitHighlights.length - 1;
       const zone = TestBed.inject(NgZone);
       zone.runOutsideAngular((): void => {
         comp.showNextPortraitHighlight();
       });
-      tick(125);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(125);
       expect(comp.currentPortraitHighlightIndex).toBe(0);
-      tick(125);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(125);
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
   });
 
   // ── Bio toggle ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
   describe('toggleBio', (): void => {
-    it('should mount bio immediately on opening', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should mount bio immediately on opening', async (): Promise<void> => {
       comp.toggleBio();
-      expect(comp.isLongBioMounted).toBeTrue();
+      expect(comp.isLongBioMounted).toBe(true);
-      tick(100);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100);
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
 
-    it('should set isLongBioShown to true after the double-rAF delay', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should set isLongBioShown to true after the double-rAF delay', async (): Promise<void> => {
       comp.toggleBio();
-      tick(50); // allow both nested requestAnimationFrame calls to execute
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(50); // allow both nested requestAnimationFrame calls to execute
       fixture.detectChanges();
-      expect(comp.isLongBioShown).toBeTrue();
+      expect(comp.isLongBioShown).toBe(true);
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
 
-    it('should set isLongBioShown to false immediately on close', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should set isLongBioShown to false immediately on close', async (): Promise<void> => {
       // Open first
       comp.toggleBio();
-      tick(50);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(50);
       fixture.detectChanges();
 
       // Close
       comp.toggleBio();
       fixture.detectChanges();
-      expect(comp.isLongBioShown).toBeFalse();
+      expect(comp.isLongBioShown).toBe(false);
-      tick(300);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(300);
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
 
-    it('should keep isLongBioMounted true during the 300 ms close animation', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should keep isLongBioMounted true during the 300 ms close animation', async (): Promise<void> => {
       comp.toggleBio();
-      tick(50);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(50);
       fixture.detectChanges();
 
       comp.toggleBio();
       fixture.detectChanges();
-      expect(comp.isLongBioMounted).toBeTrue();
+      expect(comp.isLongBioMounted).toBe(true);
 
-      tick(299);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(299);
-      expect(comp.isLongBioMounted).toBeTrue();
+      expect(comp.isLongBioMounted).toBe(true);
 
-      tick(1);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1);
       fixture.detectChanges();
-      expect(comp.isLongBioMounted).toBeFalse();
+      expect(comp.isLongBioMounted).toBe(false);
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
 
-    it('should cancel pending close timeout when re-opened during animation', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should cancel pending close timeout when re-opened during animation', async (): Promise<void> => {
       comp.toggleBio();
-      tick(50);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(50);
       fixture.detectChanges();
 
       comp.toggleBio(); // start closing
-      tick(150); // halfway through 300 ms
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(150); // halfway through 300 ms
 
       comp.toggleBio(); // re-open before unmount
-      tick(50);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(50);
       fixture.detectChanges();
 
-      expect(comp.isLongBioMounted).toBeTrue();
+      expect(comp.isLongBioMounted).toBe(true);
-      expect(comp.isLongBioShown).toBeTrue();
+      expect(comp.isLongBioShown).toBe(true);
 
-      tick(500);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(500);
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
   });
 
   // ── Scroll helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
   describe('scroll helpers', (): void => {
-    let scrollSpy: jasmine.Spy;
+    let scrollSpy: Mock;
 
     beforeEach((): void => {
-      scrollSpy = spyOn(window, 'scrollTo');
+      scrollSpy = vi.spyOn(window, 'scrollTo').mockReturnValue(undefined);
     });
 
     it('should call window.scrollTo when scrolling to the about section', (): void => {
@@ -349,20 +366,18 @@ describe('HomeComponent', (): void => {
   // ── Lifecycle cleanup ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
   describe('ngOnDestroy', (): void => {
-    it('should clear pending portrait switch timers on destroy', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should clear pending portrait switch timers on destroy', async (): Promise<void> => {
       comp.showNextPortraitHighlight();
-      const clearSpy = spyOn(window, 'clearTimeout').and.callThrough();
+      const clearSpy = vi.spyOn(window, 'clearTimeout');
 
       fixture.destroy();
 
       expect(clearSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
 
-    it('should not throw when destroyed', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should not throw when destroyed', async (): Promise<void> => {
       expect((): void => fixture.destroy()).not.toThrow();
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
   });
 
   // ── Template rendering ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -430,7 +445,7 @@ describe('HomeComponent', (): void => {
 
   describe('Performance', (): void => {
     it('should keep scroll effects enabled on desktop pointers when motion is allowed', (): void => {
-      spyOn(window, 'matchMedia').and.callFake(
+      vi.spyOn(window, 'matchMedia').mockImplementation(
         (query: string): MediaQueryList =>
           ({
             matches:
@@ -439,29 +454,29 @@ describe('HomeComponent', (): void => {
           }) as MediaQueryList,
       );
 
-      expect(comp.shouldEnableScrollEffects()).toBeTrue();
+      expect(comp.shouldEnableScrollEffects()).toBe(true);
     });
 
     it('should keep scroll effects enabled on coarse touch pointers when motion is allowed', (): void => {
-      spyOn(window, 'matchMedia').and.callFake(
+      vi.spyOn(window, 'matchMedia').mockImplementation(
         (query: string): MediaQueryList =>
           ({
             matches: query === '(hover: none) and (pointer: coarse)',
           }) as MediaQueryList,
       );
 
-      expect(comp.shouldEnableScrollEffects()).toBeTrue();
+      expect(comp.shouldEnableScrollEffects()).toBe(true);
     });
 
     it('should disable scroll effects when reduced motion is requested', (): void => {
-      spyOn(window, 'matchMedia').and.callFake(
+      vi.spyOn(window, 'matchMedia').mockImplementation(
         (query: string): MediaQueryList =>
           ({
             matches: query === '(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)',
           }) as MediaQueryList,
       );
 
-      expect(comp.shouldEnableScrollEffects()).toBeFalse();
+      expect(comp.shouldEnableScrollEffects()).toBe(false);
     });
 
     it('should create and run initial change detection within 200 ms', (): void => {
@@ -480,13 +495,13 @@ describe('HomeComponent', (): void => {
       expect(performance.now() - start).toBeLessThan(100);
     });
 
-    it('should deduplicate rapid schedule calls to a single requestAnimationFrame', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should deduplicate rapid schedule calls to a single requestAnimationFrame', async (): Promise<void> => {
-      // The RAF registered during beforeEach's ngOnInit lives outside this fakeAsync zone.
+      // The RAF registered during beforeEach's ngOnInit is still pending under fake timers.
       // Resetting the ID to null makes the schedule function treat the slot as free.
       comp.scrollAnimationFrameId = null;
 
       let rafCallCount = 0;
-      spyOn(window, 'requestAnimationFrame').and.callFake((): number => {
+      vi.spyOn(window, 'requestAnimationFrame').mockImplementation((): number => {
         rafCallCount++;
         return rafCallCount; // returns non-null so subsequent calls deduplicate
       });
@@ -496,14 +511,13 @@ describe('HomeComponent', (): void => {
       comp.scheduleNameGradientUpdate();
 
       expect(rafCallCount).toBe(1);
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
 
-    it('should deduplicate project-entry reveal scheduling the same way', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should deduplicate project-entry reveal scheduling the same way', async (): Promise<void> => {
       comp.projectEntryAnimationFrameId = null;
 
       let rafCallCount = 0;
-      spyOn(window, 'requestAnimationFrame').and.callFake((): number => {
+      vi.spyOn(window, 'requestAnimationFrame').mockImplementation((): number => {
         rafCallCount++;
         return rafCallCount;
       });
@@ -513,14 +527,13 @@ describe('HomeComponent', (): void => {
       comp.scheduleProjectEntryRevealUpdate();
 
       expect(rafCallCount).toBe(1);
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
 
-    it('should deduplicate about-section scroll scheduling the same way', fakeAsync((): void => {
+    it('should deduplicate about-section scroll scheduling the same way', async (): Promise<void> => {
       comp.aboutSectionAnimationFrameId = null;
 
       let rafCallCount = 0;
-      spyOn(window, 'requestAnimationFrame').and.callFake((): number => {
+      vi.spyOn(window, 'requestAnimationFrame').mockImplementation((): number => {
         rafCallCount++;
         return rafCallCount;
       });
@@ -530,7 +543,6 @@ describe('HomeComponent', (): void => {
       comp.scheduleAboutSectionScrollAnimationUpdate();
 
       expect(rafCallCount).toBe(1);
-      discardPeriodicTasks();
+    });
-    }));
   });
 });

src/app/imprint/imprint.component.spec.ts

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ describe('ImprintComponent', (): void => {
     it('should render an "Imprint & Privacy" heading', (): void => {
       const el = fixture.nativeElement as HTMLElement;
       const headings = Array.from(el.querySelectorAll('h1'));
-      expect(headings.some((h): boolean => h.textContent?.includes('Imprint') === true)).toBeTrue();
+      expect(headings.some((h): boolean => h.textContent?.includes('Imprint') === true)).toBe(true);
     });
 
     it('should contain a back link to the portfolio root', (): void => {

tsconfig.spec.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
   "compilerOptions": {
     "outDir": "./dist/out-tsc/spec",
-    "types": ["jasmine", "node"]
+    "types": ["vitest/globals", "node"]
   },
   "include": ["src/**/*.spec.ts", "src/**/*.d.ts"]
 }